Ho ea ka liphetho tsa likhoeli tse 10 tsa 2022, tlhahiso ea li-champignon naheng ea rona e eketsehile ka 16% selemo le selemo.
Lebelo le letle. Ka kakaretso, indasteri ea li-mushroom e 'nile ea bontša kholo e tsotehang ka lilemo tse' maloa ka tatellano, ka makhetlo a 'maloa pele ho karolelano ea lefatše lohle. Li-champignon li laola 'maraka, bahlahisi ba tsona ba beha morethetho o potlakileng. Kursk Mushroom Rainbow, e jalang mushroom e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bohlano ka har'a naha, le eona e ekelitse phepelo ea li-mushroom 'marakeng haholo likhoeling tse fetileng.
Khoebo ea agro-ea Alexander Udodov le Oleg Logvinov e hahiloe "ho tloha qalong" haufi le Kursk.
Lipalo tsa katleho
Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Mphalane, mapolasi a temo a ile a hola ho feta lithane tse likete tse 110 tsa li-champignon. Ka karolelano chai ea khoeli le khoeli e feta lithane tse likete tse 11, e leng lithane tse likete tse 1.5 ho feta selemo pele ho moo. Kahoo e ne e baloa khatisong ea "School of Mushroom Growing", e shebileng ka hloko se etsahalang 'marakeng oa li-mushroom. Qetellong ea selemo, indasteri e emetse lirekoto tse ncha, 'me ba nang le lipelaelo ba boletseng hore matla a eona a kholo a felile ba lokela ho koetlisoa hape hore e be batho ba nang le tšepo. Li-champignon li laola 'maraka, li ikarabella ho feta 90%. Li lengoa ke Alexander Udodov le Oleg Logvinov's Mushroom Rainbow le libaka tse ling tse kholo tsa sethopo. Li-mushroom tsa Oyster li maemong a bobeli, empa li kotuloa hanyane haholo, 'me chai ha ea tsitsa. Tlhōrō e fihlile ka selemo sa 2019, ha mapolasi a temo a hola ho feta lithane tse 6,300, 'me a lateloa ke ho theoha ha lilemo tse peli. Qetellong ea selemo sena, ho lebelletsoe lithane tse ka bang 6,500. Li-mushroom tse sa tloaelehang li teng 'marakeng ka mefuta e mengata e ntle. Tsena ke shiitake, eringi, flammulin, folitota, tse sa tsoa kotuloa kotulo ea pele ea enoki ea khauta. Leha ho le joalo, li-exotics ke sehlahisoa sa niche, leha tlhahiso e ntse e hola ka potlako. Ho ea ka ponelopele ea SHG, lithane tse 600 tsa li-mushroom tse sa tloaelehang li tla kotuloa selemong sena.
Ho tloha ha e qala, k'hamphani e ekelitse phepelo ea li-champignon 'marakeng ka makhetlo a robeli
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a ho hapa' maraka ka potlako ke li-champignon: theko e khahlehang, thepa ea phepo e nepahetseng le melemo ea culinary. Litsebi li ka eketsa melemo ea bophelo bo botle mona, empa ke bareki ba fokolang ba ntseng ba tseba sena. Theko, joalo ka tloaelo, ke eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ha re sheba mabenkele a Moscow, litheko tsa li-champignon tse ncha ka 2020 le 2021 li theohile ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 310 ho isa ho tse 250 ka kg. Sena se bohlokoa. Selemong sena, litheko tsa li-champignon li-supermarket tsa motse-moholo li eketsehile ka hoo e ka bang 12%, e leng ka tlaase ho nama le lijo-thollo. Lebaka la leano le joalo la litheko tsa botsoalle ho bareki ke tlholisano e phahameng 'marakeng oa li-mushroom. Morao tjena, palo ea mapolasi a li-mushroom e feta halofo. Likhamphani tse nyane ha li khone ho emela tlholisano mme li tlohe 'marakeng. Empa libapali tse kholo, tse kang k'hamphani ea Alexander Udodov le Oleg Logvinov, li ntse li eketsa lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso.
Li-champignon li loketse ho pheha lijana tse fapaneng lapeng le karolong ea lijo. Li ka phehoa, tsa halikisoa, tsa apehoa, tsa tšeloa, tsa belisoa kapa tsa jeoa li le tala, mohlala ka salate. E tla fapana ka tatso, empa ka nako e ts'oanang lijo tse phetseng hantle. Ho ea ka pono ea melemo ea 'mele, li-champignon li nkoa e le e' ngoe ea li-mushroom tse ntle ka ho fetisisa. Ke sehlahisoa sa lijo se kenyelletsang liprotheine, li-amino acid tsohle tsa bohlokoa, fiber (chitin), unsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, divithamini tsa lihlopha tsa B, C, D, nicotinic le folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, potasiamo, tšepe.
Kahoo li-champignon tse ncha ke lijo tse monate ka ho fetisisa. Ka bomalimabe, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka sena naheng ea rona, 'me linaheng tse ling likhothaletso tsa bophelo bo botle li kenyelletsa 100 g ea li-mushroom tse lengoang lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
Champignon le rus
Lefatše la li-mushroom le fapane ebile le leholo. Ho na le matšoao a lefats'e la limela le liphoofolo ho li-mushroom, empa ona ke 'muso o arohaneng oa tlhaho. Bo-rasaense ha ba tsebe palo e nepahetseng ea mefuta ea bona, ho ea ka mehloli e sa tšoaneng - ho tloha ho likete tse lekholo ho isa ho milione le halofo, tse likete tse 'maloa tsa tsona li jeoa. Empa ho na le li-mushroom tse mashome a mabeli feela tse lengoang (ba ithutileng ho hōlisa ka maiketsetso) ho fihlela joale.
Ho ea ka bongata ba tlhahiso ea lefats'e, champignon e nang le makhasi a mabeli e tsoile tlholisanong, e sa tloaelehang naheng, empa e hola ka lihlopha tse kholo. E ne e le li-mushroom tsena tse ileng tsa hlōla tlhōlisano ea ho lengoa, e rekisoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng lohle 'me e tlisa chelete e ntle ho mapolasi a temo.
Mohlahisi oa 1 oa li-champignon naheng ea rona ke k'hamphani ea Kursk "Mushroom Rainbow".
Ho lumeloa hore li-champignon li ile tsa qala ho lengoa Fora, le hoja Mataliana a sa lumellane le sena ka ho feletseng 'me a paka hore palema tabeng ena ke ea naha ea habo bona.
Leha ho le joalo, ho lengoa ha li-champignon ho ile ha ngoloa bohareng ba lekholo la XVII la li-quarries haufi le Paris. Ho tloha Fora, sehlahisoa se secha se hasane ho pholletsa le Europe, Russia se ile sa qala ho lengoa ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la XVIII. Hoa makatsa hore ebe lentsoe "champignon", le metse ka metso ka puo ea rona, le tsoa ho Sefora, moo le bolelang "mushroom".
Lekholong la XIX le mathoasong a lekholo la XX, lihoai tsa Russia li ile tsa fumana katleho e kholo ho champignonage. Lintho tseo ba li qapileng le tseo ba li qapileng li fuoe likhau lipontšong tsa machaba. E mong oa bo-pula-maliboho ba temo ea li-mushroom, Yefim Grachev, letsoalloa la lihoai, o ile a hatisa hore ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho lema li-champignon ke ho lokisa mobu o nepahetseng. Sena se ntse se sebetsa le kajeno. E bile ka ho qala tlhahiso ea bona ea manyolo moo Hoopoes le Logvins ba ileng ba qala morero oa bona oa li-mushroom. Bosiung ba Ntoa ea Pele ea Lefatše, makholo a limela tsa li-mushroom tse neng li sebetsa Russia, li-mushroom li ile tsa isoa 'marakeng li le ncha, li khethiloe ebile li qala ho kenngoa ka makotikoting.
Mosuela oa boleng bo holimo oa hlokahala bakeng sa ho holisa li-champignon tse monate le tse phetseng hantle
Naheng ea morao-rao ea Russia, 'maraka oa li-mushroom o' nile oa phela ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ka nako e telele, li-champignon tse robong ho tse leshome li ne li kenngoa linaheng tse ling, haholo-holo ho tsoa Poland.
Boemo bo ile ba qala ho fetoha ka mor'a 2014, ha tsela e eang Russia e koetsoe bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa li-mushroom tse tsoang linaheng tse 'maloa. Phetolelo ea ho kenya li-mushroom e ile ea qala, matsete a ile a kena indastering, ho ile ha hahoa meaho e meholo ea sethopo bakeng sa li-champignon tse ntseng li hola.
Ka June 2017, lihlopha tsa pele tsa lihlahisoa tsa eona li ile tsa behoa 'marakeng ke "Mushroom Rainbow" ke Alexander Udodov le Oleg Logvinov. Mathoasong a selemo sena, khamphani e ne e ekelitse bokhoni ba eona ba tlhahiso ka makhetlo a robeli mme e thehile mesebetsi e makholo a leshome le metso e mehlano. Boholo ba matsete a lichelete bo feta li-ruble tse limilione tse likete tse 10. Maraka oa li-mushroom o lekana le moetapele. Lilemong tse tharo tse fetileng, mapolasi a li-mushroom a ntse a eketsa chai ea li-champignon ka 18-20% selemo le selemo. Mmaraka oa li-mushroom o nang le karolo e fetang 90% o laoloa ke lihlahisoa tsa lehae, ho romelloa kantle ho naha linaheng tsa boahelani ho se ho qalile. Selemong sena ho tla ba le keketseho e kholo ea pokello ea li-champignon hape. Ka pono ea lilemo tse 'maloa,' maraka oa li-mushroom o na le sebaka sa ho hola. Ona ke 'maraka oa tlholisano o phetseng hantle o ntseng o phahama.
Mohloli: https://www.agroinvestor.ru