(Reuters) - Batseteli ba ne ba tloaetse ho kheloha Amin Jadavji ho reka theknoloji ea ho hola ea Elevate Farms le ho hlahisa qubu ea makhasi a matala ka matlung a nang le leseli la maiketsetso.
"Ba ka re, 'Sena se setle, empa se utloahala eka ke teko ea saense,' ho boletse Jadavji, CEO oa Toronto-based Elevate.
Hona joale, mapolasi a ka tlung a iponahatsa e le e 'ngoe ea tharollo ea tšitiso e bakiloeng ke seoa sa kotulo, thomello le thekiso ea lijo.
“E re thusitse ho fetola tlaleho,” ho boletse Jadavji, eo k’hamphani ea hae e tsamaisang polasi e otlolohileng Ontario, ’me e ntse e haha tse ling New York le New Zealand.
Batšehetsi, ho kopanyelletsa le Lefapha la Temo la United States (USDA), ba re temo ea litoropong e eketsa tšireletso ea lijo nakong ea ho phahama ha theko ea lichelete le phepelo e fokolang ea lefats'e. Sehlahisoa sa Amerika Leboea se tsepamisitsoe haholo Mexico le Amerika Boroa-Bophirima, ho kenyeletsoa California, e atisang ho ba le mello ea hlaha le maemo a mang a leholimo a mabe.
Matšoenyeho a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo a boetse a potlakisa matsete, ho kenyeletsoa le khoebo e kholo ea khoebo ea Bayer AG, hore e be mapolasi a nang le mekato e mengata kapa matlo a limela a boholo ba mabala a bolo ea maoto a 50.
Ba thusa lik'hamphani tse nyane tsa Amerika Leboea joalo ka BrightFarms, AppHarvest le Elevate ho matlafatsa tlhahiso ea kahare le ho qothisana lehlokoa le libapali tse thehiloeng AeroFarms le Plenty, tse tšehelitsoeng ke mothehi oa Amazon.com Inc Jeff Bezos.
Empa bahlahlobisisi ba belaella litšenyehelo tsa tikoloho tsa litlhoko tse phahameng tsa matla a mapolasi a kahare.
Lihoai tse otlolohileng li holisa limela tse makhasi ka matlung ka mekato e phuthetsoeng kapa maboteng a makhasi a ka hare ho matlo a polokelo kapa lijana tsa thepa. Ba itšetlehile ka khanya ea maiketsetso, taolo ea mocheso le mekhoa ea ho hōla e nang le mobu o fokolang o kenyelletsang metsi kapa moholi, ho e-na le libaka tse ngata tsa mobu temong ea setso.
Li-greenhouses li ka sebelisa mahlaseli a letsatsi 'me li na le litlhoko tse fokolang tsa matla. E thehiloe hantle Asia le Europe, li-greenhouses li ntse li hola Amerika Leboea, li sebelisa li-automation tse kholo.
Matsete a mapolasi a kahare a lefats'e a bile limilione tse 394 ka 2020, hlooho ea lipatlisiso ea AgFunder Louisa Burwood-Taylor o boletse.
Matsete a tloaelehileng selemong se fetileng a imenne habeli ka boholo, ha libapali tse kholo li kenyelletsa BrightFarms le Plenty li phahamisitse chelete e ncha, o boletse joalo.
Keketseho e kholo ea lichelete e larile ka pele, kamora tšitiso ea lijo tsa seoa - joalo ka ts'oaetso har'a basebetsi ba fallang ba kotulang lihlahisoa tsa Amerika Leboea - ho hlahisitse matšoenyeho mabapi le tšitiso ea phepelo, ho boletse Joe Crotty, motsamaisi oa lichelete tsa khoebo bankeng ea matsete ea KPMG, e eletsang mapolasi a emeng.
"Tlhaloso ea 'nete ke lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano tse tlang," ho boletse Crotty.
Meroho e lengoang mapolasing a emeng kapa li-greenhouses e ntse e le karoloana feela ea tlhahiso ea kakaretso. Lithekiso tsa Amerika tsa lijalo tsa lijo tse lenngoeng ka tlas'a sekoaelo, ho kenyeletsoa tamati, likomkomere le lettuce, li fihlile ho liponto tse limilione tse 790 ka 2019, ho nyoloha ka 50% ho tloha 2014, ho latela USDA.
Tlhahiso ea lettuce ea kantle ea California e le 'ngoe e ne e batla e le kholoanyane ka makhetlo a mane, ka liponto tse limilione tse likete tse 2.9.
USDA e batla litho tsa komiti e ncha ea boeletsi ba temo ea litoropong ho khothaletsa mekhoa ea temo ea kahare le tse ling tse ntseng li hlaha.
TLHALOSO EA LIMELA E FUMANA KA MOHAE
Bayer, e leng e mong oa baetsi ba lipeo ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e ikemiselitse ho fana ka theknoloji ea semela ho holisa temo e otlolohileng. Ka Phato, e ile ea ikopanya le letlole le ikemetseng la Singapore Temasek ho theha Unfold, k'hamphani e thehiloeng California, e nang le $ 30 milione ka chelete ea peo.
Unfold e re ke k'hamphani ea pele e shebaneng le ho rala peo ea lettuce ea ka tlung, tamati, pepere, spinach le likomkomere, e sebelisa Bayer germplasm, e leng thepa ea lefutso ea semela, ho boletse Motsamaisi e Moholo John Purcell.
Tsoelo-pele ea bona e ka kenyelletsa, mohlala, limela tse kopanetsoeng haholoanyane le ho tsepamisa maikutlo a ho ikatisa ka boleng bo phahameng, ho boletse Purcell.
E na le tšepo ea ho etsa thekiso ea eona ea pele mathoasong a 2022, e shebane le mapolasi a seng a ntse a le teng, le tse qalang Singapore le United Kingdom.
Li-greenhouses le tsona lia atoloha, 'me li hlahisa chai e ngata ho feta temo ea masimong a bulehileng.
AppHarvest, e lemang tamati setšeng sa sethopo sa lihekthere tse 60 Morehead, Kentucky, e sentse tse ling tse peli seterekeng selemong se fetileng. Khamphani e ikemiselitse ho sebetsa lits'ebeletso tse 12 ka 2025.
Libaka tsa eona tsa limela li maemong a ho fihla ho 70% ea baahi ba US nakong ea leeto la letsatsi le le leng, ho ba fa monyetla oa lipalangoang ho feta indasteri ea lihlahisoa tse ka boroa-bophirima, ho boletse Motsamaisi e Moholo Jonathan Webb.
"Re batla ho hahola indasteri ea lihlahisoa California le Mexico le ho e tlisa mona," Webb o itse.
Keketseho ea baahi ba lefats'e e lebelletsoeng e tla hloka keketseho e kholo ea tlhahiso ea lijo, tlhahiso e thata kantle ho naha e fuoang likoluoa tsa khafetsa le maemo a leholimo a mabe, o boletse joalo.
BrightFarms e thehiloeng New York, e tsamaisang libaka tse 'ne tsa limela, e li beha haufi le litoropo tse kholo tsa US, ho boletse Motsamaisi e Moholo Steve Platt. Khamphani, eo bareki ba eona ba kenyelletsang barekisi ba Kroger le Walmart, e rera ho bula mapolasi a eona a mabeli a maholo selemong sena, North Carolina le Massachusetts.
Platt o lebelletse hore nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, halofo ea meroho eohle e makhasi United States e tla tsoa mapolasing a ka tlung, ho tloha ka tlase ho 10% hajoale.
O ile a re: "Ke leqhubu lohle le leba ntlheng ena hobane tsamaiso eo re nang le eona kajeno ha e-so etsetsoe ho fepa batho naheng ka bophara.
'LITSOA, LINTHO TSE HLANYA'
Empa Stan Cox, setsebi sa lipatlisiso bakeng sa batho ba sa etseng phaello The Land Institute, o belaela ka mapolasi a emeng. Ba itšetlehile ka litefello tsa lebenkele la korosari ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa motlakase bakeng sa ho bonesa le ho laola mocheso, o boletse joalo.
O ile a re: “Lebaka lohle leo ka lona re nang le temo ke ho kotula khanya ea letsatsi e otlang lefatše letsatsi le letsatsi. Re ka e fumana mahala.
Bruce Bugbee, moprofesa oa fisioloji ea limela tsa tikoloho Univesithing ea Utah State, o ithutile temo ea sebaka bakeng sa NASA. Empa o fumana temo e otlolohileng ea matla lefatšeng e sa fihlellehe.
"Venture capital e kena mefuteng eohle ea lintho tse hlanyang, tse bohlanya 'me sena ke ntho e' ngoe e lethathamong."
Bugbee e hakanya hore mapolasi a otlolohileng a sebelisa matla a makhetlo a 10 ho hlahisa lijo joalo ka mapolasi a kantle, esita le ho kenya mafura terakeng ea lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng ho tsoa California.
AeroFarms, e sebetsang ho e 'ngoe ea mapolasi a emeng a maholohali lefatšeng, eo pele e neng e le leloala la tšepe la New Jersey, e re ho bapisa tšebeliso ea matla le temo ea kantle ha ho bonolo. Hlahisa hore likepe tsa maeto a malelele li na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho senyeha 'me mapolasi a mangata a lihlahisoa tsa ka ntle a sebelisa metsi a nosetsoang le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, ho boletse Mookameli e Moholo David Rosenberg.
Mapolasi a theohileng a hlahisa melemo e meng ea tikoloho.
Elevate e sebelisa mokhoa o koetsoeng oa loop ho nosetsa limela ka bo eona, ho bokella limela tsa mongobo ebe o li nosetsa ka eona hape. Tsamaiso e joalo e hloka 2% ea metsi a sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea lettuce ea ka ntle ea romaine, Jadavji o itse. Khampani ha e sebelise chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
O ile a re: “Ke nahana hore re rarolla bothata.
(E tlalehile ka Rod Nickel Winnipeg, Manitoba; tlaleho e eketsehileng ea Karl Plume oa Chicago; E hlophisitsoeng ke Caroline Stauffer le Lisa Shumaker)